Mesopic pupil indices as potential risk factors for disability glare after intraocular Implantable Collamer Lens implantation: A prospective study.

PURPOSE: To explore the influence of preoperative factors, including varying pupil sizes and refractive attributes, on postoperative disability glare in patients undergoing Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation. SETTING: Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: We analyzed the preoperative ocular characteristics and six-month postoperative glare status in eligible patients who underwent EVO-Visian ICL V4c (VICMO) implantation. The disability glare criteria encompassed a glare symptom score >6 and glare sensitivity exceeding 1:2.7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the preoperative ocular parameters and post-ICL glare. RESULTS: The study included 95 patients (mean age, 26.04 ± 6.29 years), comprising 30 males (58 eyes) and 65 females (129 eyes). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between postoperative disability glare and increased spherical power in preoperative mesopic pupils (ß = -0.124, p = 0.039), as well as elevated cylinder power in preoperative mesopic (ß = -0.412, p = 0.009) and photopic pupils (ß = -0.430, p = 0.007). Moreover, a larger preoperative mesopic pupil diameter (ß = 0.561, p = 0.005) demonstrated a significant correlation with disability glare. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative mesopic pupil dimensions and associated refractive parameters, such as sphere and cylinder were correlated with disability glare, including the cylinder aspect in photopic pupils, which can assist clinicians in optimizing preoperative selection for ICL implantation, aiding in the anticipation of potential disability glare risks.

Astrocytes in ischemic stroke: Crosstalk in central nervous system and therapeutic potential.

In the central nervous system (CNS), a large group of glial cells called astrocytes play important roles in both physiological and disease conditions. Astrocytes participate in the formation of neurovascular units and interact closely with other cells of the CNS, such as microglia and neurons. Stroke is a global disease with high mortality and disability rate, most of which are ischemic stroke. Significant strides in understanding astrocytes have been made over the past few decades. Astrocytes respond strongly to ischemic stroke through a process known as activation or reactivity. Given the important role played by reactive astrocytes (RAs) in different spatial and temporal aspects of ischemic stroke, there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic role of astrocytes. Currently, interventions targeting astrocytes, such as mediating astrocyte polarization, reducing edema, regulating glial scar formation, and reprogramming astrocytes, have been proven in modulating the progression of ischemic stroke. The aforementioned potential interventions on astrocytes and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other cells of the CNS will be summarized in this review.

Microglia: The Hub of Intercellular Communication in Ischemic Stroke.

Communication between microglia and other cells has recently been at the forefront of research in central nervous system (CNS) disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, highlight recent studies of crosstalk between microglia and CNS resident and infiltrating cells in the context of ischemic stroke (IS), and discuss how these interactions affect the course of IS. The in-depth exploration of microglia-intercellular communication will be beneficial for therapeutic tools development and clinical translation for stroke control.

In vitro antibacterial effects of Tanreqing injection combined with vancomycin or linezolid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: Combining conventional drugs and traditional medicine may represent a useful approach to combating antibiotic resistance, which has become a serious threat to global public health. This study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic interactions between Tanreqing (TRQ) injection, a commercial traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection, and selected antibiotics used against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TRQ, vancomycin and linezolid against planktonic MRSA strain were determined by the broth microdilution method. The combined effects of TRQ and antibiotics were studied by the checkerboard method and the time-kill curve assay. The 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay was employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the test compounds alone and in combination against MRSA embedded in biofilms. RESULTS: MRSA strain was found to be susceptible to TRQ formula with MIC value 4125 µg/ml, while the MIC values for antibiotics, vancomycin and linezolid, were 2.5 µg/ml. The checkerboard analysis revealed that TRQ markedly enhanced activities of the tested antibiotics by reducing their MICs. In the time-kill analysis, TRQ at 1/2 × MIC in combination with vancomycin at 1/2 × MIC, as well as TRQ at 1/8 × MIC in combination with linezolid at 1/2 × MIC decreased the viable colonies by ≥2log10 CFU/ml, resulting in a potent synergistic effect against planktonic MRSA. In contrast to the tested antibiotics, which did not affect mature MRSA biofilms at subinhibitory concentrations, TRQ alone showed strong ability to disrupt preformed biofilms and induce biofilm cell death. The combination of TRQ with vancomycin or linezolid at sub-MIC concentrations resulted in a synergistic antibiofilm effect significantly higher than for each single agent. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first in vitro evidence on the synergistic effects of TRQ and vancomycin or linezolid against planktonic and biofilm MRSA, and revealed their optimal combination doses, thereby providing a rational basis for the combination therapies against MRSA.